NAFTA and Mexico Essay -- essays research papers fc

Mexicos economy is undergoing a stunning transformation. Seven years after the launch of the North American still make out Agreement, it is fast becoming an industrial power. Free trade with the U.S. and Canada is turning the country from a mere assembler of cheap, low-quality goods into a reliable exporter of sophisticated products from cable car breaks to laptops computers. Although Mexico has seen economic growth lately, it still faces tremendous problems in the aftermath of the 1995 recession and the revolution that took place in the Chiapas which still wages on today. The purpose of this melodic theme is to explore the effects that NAFTA has had on the economy and its great deal during the implementation of NAFTA and in what NAFTA will bring in the future.The North American Free Trade Agreement was designed to open borders and promote free trade between three countries Canada, the United States and Mexico. Signed in 1992, ratified by the U.S. Congress in November 1993 and implemented January 1, 1994, NAFTA reduced some tariffs immediately while others are scheduled to fall to zero over a 15-year period. NAFTA follows the prescription of liberalization- including the deregulation of government restrictions to bear increased trade, direct foreign investment, and foreign ownership of businesses.On January 1, 1994, a Mexico still sleepy from New Years celebrations awoke to discover a fanatical new revolution sweeping across the state of Chiapas. The Zapatistas, a small, yet powerfully forceful group of indigenous people, exhausted from centuries of oppression, poverty and corruption, rose up to end this societal injustice, and most specifically, to battle the new tyrant that would be born that very day The North American Free Trade Agreement. This fight off was viewed by the indigenous population of Chiapas as an essential act to stop the debilitating cycle of injustice and to prevent future harm to the Mexican people by opposing NAFTA. The Zapatistas have pulled back the curtain that covered up the other Mexico. It is not the Mexico of eager entrepreneurs lined up to open Pizza chantey franchises or consumers eager to shop at Wal-Mart, but rather the Mexico of malnourished children, illiteracy, landlessness, poor roads, lack of health clinics, and life as a permanent struggle. (Quoted in Russell, p. 1)NAFTA was ... ...nmental Issues Under the NAFTA. Canadian American Committee. Toronto 1993.Marinez, Elizabeth and Arnoldo Garica. (No Date). What is Neo Liberalism? Online. Avaiblehttp//www.corpwatch.org/trac/corner/glob/neolib.html(June 27-29, 1997). NAFTAs Failure to Deliver Online.Availablehttp//www/coha.org/pressr/naftapr/htmlNelan, Bruce W. (April 4, 1994). Days of Trauma and devotion Online.Availablehttp//www.time.com/time/magazine/archieves/1994/940404/940404.mexico.htmlPerlo, Vicotr. (March 4, 1995). The Rape of Mexico Online.Availablehttp//www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/46/031.htmlThe President, the peso, the market an d those Indians. The Economist 24 Dec 1994 43.Russell, Philip. The Chiapas Rebellion. Mexico Resource Center. Austin 1995Shadows of Tender hydrophobia The Letters and Communiques of Subcomandante Marcos and the Zapatista Army of National Liberation. Monthy Review Press. New York 1995Wise, Carol. The Post-NAFTA Political Economy. Mexico and the Western Hemisphere. Pennsylvania State University Press September 1998.

Essay --

The United State of America is a faced with the daunting task of defending itself from both(prenominal) conventional and nonconventional threats. Countries exchangeable China, Russia, and Iran are at the forefront of conducting multiple aspects of intelligence operations/ put onions within American boarders. These operations pose a grave danger to field of study gage and foreign policy. This paper will analyze the structure, capabilities, and intent of Chinese, Russian, and Iranian intelligence services. By doing so, it will highlight why Russia is the one country that poses the greatest to both American interest and national security. Chinese (PRC) intelligence services are structured in a fashion that is similar to most countries. There is a divide between civilian and military intelligence agencies. Currently, they are capable of conducting HUMINT, SIGINT, OSINT, and cyber operations. The Chinese use HUMINT operations in the Unites States as a means to collect technical data . China will utilize students, diplomats, businessmen, and scientists to gain information. (Pike 1997) China has more than 64,000 personnel in the United States that are activity collect information for the Chinese government. Due to the sheer aggressiveness nature of their unsophisticated HUMINT collection program, they were able to obtain mid to high level technologies. Chinas has the largest SIGINT power of in nation in the Asia region. They are capable of monitoring signals from Russia, Taiwan, and U.S military forces located in the area. In addition to grunge based platforms, China has a fleet of naval vessels that are capable of collecting signals intelligence and their primary use is to monitor U.S. military operations in the Pacific region. (Pike 1997) The PRC has... ...led on your computer personal information can be encrypted and sent to servers located in Russia. This sophistocation is what ranks Russia as the number one country that poses the greatest threat to natio nal security. (Shachtman 2012)Russia, China, and Iran all have intelligence capabilities. However, after srutenizing there intelligence capabilities on an individual basis, Russia is ranked number one while China and Iran follow in order. Russias ability to collect on the United States of America exceeds other countries because of its SIGINT, HUMINT, and cyber operation are being evolved on a continual basis. Russia, currently has naval, air, and land assets that can collect anywhere in the world. Additionally, Russia has the second largest space program, that includes spy satellites that are capable of collecting on the United States and other countries.

Golden Age Greek Criticism of Henry Moore’s Reclining Woman :: Essays Papers

Golden Age classical Criticism of Henry Moores Reclining WomanBoth the shape and body of the Reclining Woman shape totally tear down our standards as Golden Age Greeks. Not at all can I make out whom this sculptor is representing. certainly I can make out the basic female figure. However the head is way too small in proportion the rest of the body. perchance Henry Moore has not yet finished this piece. Did he make a mistake in the development of the chest area? This could be the case. If still this is a finish piece of art in no terms by us Greeks is this considered Art.What I would have d genius if I were to complete this hiatus iron out human form is to continue to define the legs and arms especially. Still keeping the reclining look even though this promotes the idea of laziness in our eyes. After all, Greek art has to be the ideal of all, the perfect balance of mind and body -- picked up from Plato and his teachings. This shows neither. A great example is the disc us thrower how the figure shows no physical stress or emotion through the face even though he is performing a strenuous activity. With this in mind bring forward defining of the face, needed so the figure is anatomically sort out and shows no stress through facial expression. This breaks all of our tradition in sculpture. On the one hand the simplification and distortion of body and limb seem extremely daring departures from the tradition which few do on the other hand, this is reminiscent of the early sculpture ever produced, which is far from a perfect balance. Thus he has created a new form that of pure laziness.Moore must think with the third holding all(prenominal) bit as much as he must think in terms of the other two. Human ideals should come naturally -- correct proportions with the Platonic idea of mind and body balanced. Tying all of these sculptural ideas together would be a great help for Henry Moore, who seems challenged by every bit of these.Other points to b e noted in the execution of the sculptors idea than those of relating the proportions, preserving the perfect body, and suggesting depths. A cardinal requirement, and one which is made much of in whatever discussion of Greek sculpture, is truth.

Job Training versus Career Development: What Is Voc Eds Role? Essay

Job Training versus life DevelopmentShould vocational education concentrate on preparing students for specific jobs or should it be more focused on broader career development, including lifelong learning, employability, and cognitive skills? This Digest explores these questions and examines how vocational education programs can best prepare students to meet the demands of the current and prox workplace. Job Training and Vocational Education When asked to describe the role of vocational education in the schooling of the nations youth, most educators (and citizens) would say it is to prepare students for work in a given trade or vocational area. For many years, this preparation has focused on job skill training, the philosophy being that training individuals in the hands-on tasks required for work is of primary importance in ensuring their employability and job market success. This singular attention to job-specific skills continues to characterize many vocational education programs. The statement among educators is whether or not students are actually acquiring the appropriate job-specific skills and whether or not those skills are sufficient for the comprehensive education of youth. In an effort to catalogue the learning gains for students in secondary and adult full-time vocational programs, states are developing skill standards for given occupations upon which their vocational curricula are based. These standards form the basis for assessing students entry-level occupational skills plus the employability skills that are generic to all occupations. The documentation of these skills then provides vocational program completers with credentials (or a career passport) to present to potential employers, thus e... ...Hoyt, K. B. Career Education and Transition from Schooling to Employment. 1993. (ED 371 242) Jacobs, H., ed. Interdisciplinary Curriculum Design and Implementation. Alexandria, VA Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development, 1989. (ED 31 6 506) Kincheloe, J. Toil and Trouble Good Work, Smart Workers, and the Integration of schoolman and Vocational Education. New York Peter Lang Publishing, Inc., 1995. Parnell, D. Cerebral Context. Vocational Education Journal 71, no. 3 (March 1996) 18-21, 50. Rosenstock, L. The Walls Come Down The Overdue Reunification of Vocational and pedantic Education. Phi Delta Kappan 72, no. 6 (February 1991) 434-436. Vocational Instructional Materials Laboratory. OCAP Occupational Competency Analysis Profile. Columbus Center on Education and Training for Employment, The Ohio State University, 1995.

The Girl with The Silver Eyes Essay -- Literary Analysis, Dashiell Ham

Hard-boiled emissary fiction sets the scene for a cold and harsh reality. Dashiell Hammetts, The misfire with The Silver Eyes is no exception to this rule. In this short story Hammett paints a picture of a brutally realistic urban center filled with characters that not many good deal would want to turn to friends. The realistic qualities of Hammetts story are drawn from his own lifes experience working as a Pinkerton detective. The detective in The Girl With The Silver Eyes works for the Continental Detective Agency and is, therefore, known simply as the Continental Op. In the beginning of the story the Op professes, a detective, if he is wise, takes pains to make and keep as many friends as possible among transfer company, express company and railroad employees (27). This paper will examine this philosophical system of the Continental Op, how he employs this approach to detective work and uncover if this approach is beneficial or disadvantageous. The Continental Op is an unsym pathetic character with a stickler attitude to his work. The Op believes that the typeface he is about to take is legitimate but states that, I am only a hired man and have to go by the rules (23). At the core of this statement is a man that is unwilling to bend the rules outlined by his company. People who always follow the rules are often seen as boldness worthy and at the same time difficult to get along with. When you know a person is always going to go by the book, same(p) the Op, it makes their actions predictably frustrating. Things could go a lot faster if a person were to cut a corner or two and help out. By doing this the detective might have made himself more likable to his new client. The Op shows no desire to perform this way to have friends on his side. T... ... even if this means that he has to pay a few people to be his friends. Without the help of the girl at the Marquis Hotel the Op would not have been given that lead. If it were not for the help of Porky sec ure over the past three years that the detective had employed him, who knows how many cases would have gone unsolved. Even though in the end things do not workout between Porky and the Continental Op and Porky meets his fate. It is clear that the Ops philosophy about what it means to make and keep friends is different then what other people would describe. It is the quick moral code that the P.I. is constantly reinforcing that allows the case to come to a resolution. People may not like the Op and fortunately for the general public most people to not have the personality of the Continental Op. Fact is the detective solves the case and gets his women in the end.

Overview of Data Encryption and Legal Issues Essay -- Privacy Legal Es

Overview of Data Encryption and Legal IssuesWhat is encryption and why do we need it?The concept of encrypting information has been normal for hundreds of years. Revolutionaries, scientists, political activists and lovers have utilized this technique to maintain privacy and confidentiality in their communications. As kids, we would take our secret messages and shift the letters of the alphabet by a specific number to create an encrypted message. For example, by shifting the letters of the alphabet by three we could change the word cyberlaw to fbehuodz. In encryption, a message is referred to as plaintext before changing it in any way. Data encryption is the process whereby plaintext data is converted to ciphertext data. Ciphertext data can only be read by a party with a secret decryption key. A method for encrypting text is referred to as a cryptosystem. There are many uses for encryption today, particularly, with the general use of the Internet. Encryption is used to verify messag es, validate and authenticate users and authorize legal proceeding. Banks use encryption to secure customer identification numbers at cash dispenser machines.All U.S. electronic funds transfer messages are encrypted. Online vendors depend upon the security of credit card transactions in conducting business. Many political groups use coding to protect the identity of online users. Internet users want electronic privacy freedom from observance by the government or other parties. Anonymity is vital to some(prenominal) privacy and freedom of speech.Potential Abuses of EncryptionThe U.S. Government is concerned with the abuse of this technology at the hands of criminals, terrorists and hostile foreign governments. Encryption could impede their effo... ...nternet.The availableness of encryption codes will encourage a larger population of users to encrypt communications and will provide businesses worldwide a way to conduct transactions securely. Arguments are made that the control of source code export discriminates against software distribution as opposed to encryption in print form. This greatly limits the human face of scientific ideas and thereby limits the marketplace for ideas. The ability to remain anonymous is important to free speech and our right to privacy in communications on the Internet. If limiter chips and escrow accounts become the standard, the U.S. government will be able to read private e-mail and determine the recipients. This would be a frightening departure from our proud usance of preserving privacy in our communications and encouraging the free exchange of ideas and information.

Artifacts

The life of everyday 2012 Americans would be massively effected if they had no cellular phones. Since cellular phones were considered advanced back then they could carry APS and the mesh, with these two things hu homophiles could most likely do almost everything from their phone, except eat and drink. Most everyone in 2012 has a phone for communication purposes, since people excursion far away and do not stay close to the home. Although a cellular phone was a status symbol, It was also seed to take pictures, and to decorate, in 2012 they had things called phone cases and phone charms.This Just fed into the obsession with the use for cellular phones and other technologies. Cellular Phones challenge the Christian faith because they atomic number 18 such a temptation. Since Americans got all the worlds information to their phones, they kept their cellular phones close. They left these devices on loud ringers too, this way they were notified when a text came up, or something In their cordial media circle. But 2012 Christians should be more focused on serving the Lords will, rather than satisfying their need to stay updated.In the more ancient ro earth print times, the Christian were faced with the dawning designate of trying to fit in with the regular society, so they had to pretend to wors hep false idols. But the Ancient Roman Christians rose above that, they knew that with the help of immortal that life would learn to accept Christianity as a real religion. Roman Christian would just have to remain faithful to God and know that it is in his will that they learn o resist temptations and to stay faithful even through the persecution. My second artifact that I uncovered was a Cool apologue BRB. Tell it again. Sweatshirt.This sweatshirt represents clothing that Americans wore in 2012, this would also be considered Ideas and Values. These types of sweatshirts were used to gain attention, both positive and negative, with a catchy slogan. This effects the dall y lives of Americans living In 2012 because sweatshirts, were used for warmth. But they could serve another purpose too, living in 2012 the world was all about fashion, so any people wore sweatshirts with catchy slogans because it was hip The main reason it was a challenge to the lives of Christians living in 2012 was because the slogan Cool Story BRB.Tell it Again. is sup pose to make the person telling the long and slow thing feel like their words were not beta. So their words feel less important with such a rude phrase. Ancient Roman Christians essentialiness have felt the aforementioned(prenominal) way because since they lived in a time were false idols were constantly being worshiped, believing in a ethereal Father made them unimportant. Ancient Romans treated the Christian word like we do now with that catchy slogan they denounce all meaning in our messages, our prophets, and our bible verses.The Christians rose above all the hate and mean glares that were given to them in Ancient Roman times, so it should be easier for Christians in 2012 to be fit to turn their heads away from the fallen decedents of Jesus Christ. It is only Gods will if people want to reject our messages, and our teachings. We will always as Christians stay faithful no matter what, and continue to speak of Gods Grace. The third and final artifact that I discovered is a women fragrance, names Rubble by Ranch.This artifact goes under social life, and ideas and values. In 2012, women were obsessed with smelling good, it was not uncommon for one women to have more than 3 perfumes in her bathroom or bedroom. This was all because of the idea that women must smell good, to be attractive of course there were other things women had to suffer through to be considered attractive. But none the less, women were objectified to be a perfect person. This posed a challenge to Christians and their faith because Christian women would not be focused on achieving preferences.The only one who can be perfect is God, who made us, and teaches us daily. Although it was tempting for Christian women to object themselves to the subtlety around them, they knew that in the end it wouldnt be the preferences that got them to heaven, and that they wouldnt be Judge on their appearance. In the end Christian women knew that they must stay faithful to God, and know that he is the only one who adjudicate us in the end. In Ancient Roman times, women-not Just Christian- were faced with the same reality.The cultures around them made everyone think that women have to be a certain way to be beautiful, this has been etched out through all of time since tour and Eve, and the dinosaurs. Christian women of faith should not be discouraged by the perfect image formed by society and pop culture. They should only strengthen their faith, enough closer with God. God doesnt see you as you, he sees you as the person he created, and a loving human being. God is the only one who Judges you when you leave thi s world, so why should you care who Judges you in this world?ArtifactsThey include tools, dwellings, artifacts, war machinery and music instruments among others. Material culture advanced at unalike speeds in different communities depending major on the needs of the community at that particular time and technological ability. Building structures such as homes and roads, which are products of architecture, lead the major contribution to material culture. This brings out cl wee the importance of architecture in the development of material culture, and the same way, material culture is so important in architecture and other fields as discussed below.For architects, material culture can be a great source of inspiration in invention of buildings. Many architectural designs source their inspiration from the material culture of a society. Physical cultural elements such as the African hut, the gourd, the African pot and the African mat have inspired African architecture. A good number o f buildings in Africa have their inspiration from very old buildings in Asia and Europe, mostly apparitional places of worship such as the churches and mosques, almost all mosques have a similar design that traces its origin way back in the Asian countries where McHugh name of architecture was plopped.Such are forms of material culture as they played a central role in defining the religion of the people during that time. Since material culture is tangible, and in most cases very dur able, it provides a concrete support and evidence in proving historical facts. By collecting and studying material culture, historians are able to validate and prove their claims. In the study of the origin of man, Charles Darwin could have not in any way convinced a single person that man evolved from the same evolutionary path as primates.But through the evidence gathered from the mains of the stone tools and artifacts at the areas belied to have been the dwellings of the early man, it was much easie r for him to prove his point that man evolved from apes. Material culture enables us to gauge the level of development of a people. In the modern world, there exists a different level of gauging the development of societies I. E. The certain countries such as USA china, Japan and Britain, the developing countries such as Brazil Kenya and south Africa and also the third world countries.What leads to such difference in classification is mainly the kind of materials these societies use and their technological patterned advance. We are able to measure how advanced the ancient societies were through the study of their material culture, for example the early civilizations such as Mesopotamia and Egypt, through studying the remains of their agricultural tools, we are able to comfortably conclude that such civilizations had sophisticated technology as per that time. In the more recent societies of Rome and Jerusalem, by getting knowledge of their architecture, we find how much they were t echnologically advanced.This is important in that it gives us onscreen evidence to use in gauging the level of development of a people. Material culture is a source of heritage and pride of a people. The tangible evidence of the technological advancement is a source of pride as a heritage of a people, historic buildings and artifacts owned by a society provides them with something to show off their history and advancement in various fields of Science and Mathematics. For example the Fort Jesus building in Lama, the Geed ruins, these are sources of pride for Kenya as they are historical places that decide the history of Kenya.Famous old buildings such as the Dome of the Rock located on the Temple Mount in the old City of Jerusalem, SST. Pewters Basilica in Rome, Italy, Acropolis of Athens, the Pantheon in Rome, the Parthenon in Athens, Decent Mosque in Mali, the Great Pyramids of Egypt and Haggis Sophia in Istanbul, Turkey are great heritages of the communities that associate with t hem and the countries in which they have been in existence for centuries. They are a source of pride and give a visual impression of the history of the people in those places. References www. Du. Com

Kellie Castle

KELLIES CASTLE Malaysia is multi-ethnic country which has passed through a long hi romance of colonisation by Europeans. isolated from its majestic beauty seen in the sprawling landscape, historical sightseeing in like manner forms a main part of Malaysian tourism. One of the important historical sites in Malaysia was Kellies Castle. (Fairul Halim) Kellies Castle is the most important attraction in Batu Gajah, Perak. Located approximately 30 kilometers from Ipoh is the historical legacy of a great story behind its construction. The landlord, William Kellie metalworker was born on 1 Mac 1870 at the Moray Firth, Dallas, Scotland.In the first Mac 1890 at the get on with 20, he arrived to Tanah Melayu . (Fazlina & Khatijah) Late William Kellie Smith ( 1870 1926) Photo courtesy of Lamography. com He bounced around several business opportunities finding some success but it wasnt until he meets Alma baker that he struck gold. Baker obtained several government projects to build roads i n South Perak. Their partnership in these projects led to quite a bit of profits. Enough to purchase a 900 acre piece of land for his rubber tree plantation and homely estate named Kinta Kellas. (Fazlina)Kellies Castle is a symbol of love like the Taj Mahal in Agra, India. In 1903, he returned to Scotland to marry his sweetheart Agnes. He brought her back to his home in Tanah Melayu and later that year the couple was blessed with a daughter named Helen. William Smith urgently wanted a son and heir to take over his empire. In 1915 their second child, a boy named Anthony, was born and this may have been the impetus to gelt construction of a major extension to their stately home. (Hafizuddin & Khairi) Plans were drawn up and craftsmen imported from India to begin construction.Built with materials such as stone marble was imported from India, opus ceramic tile imported from Italy. Bricks were used kind of apricot made in Tanah Melayu itself. The wall of the castle was built with a ver y unique method, development a mixture of white duck egg, sand, brown sugar and honey. It was to take 10 years to build Kellies Castle. (Fairul Halim) However, it ran in to one major set back. many of the workers contracted the Spanish Flu and died in the early 1920s. Killing many of the workers in the Kellas Estate . Another workers constructing Smiths dream castle also became victims of the flu.World War I slowed the process even more. He had already spent a fortune on his house, lost a lot of money because of this. (Khairi) In 1926 William Kellie Smith and his daughter, visited Britain to see his wife and son and then proceeded to Lisbon, Portugal from where he was ordering a lift to install in the Castle, which would have been the first elevator in Tanah Melayu. Unfortunately while in Portugal, William was attacked pneumococcal disease are chronic, he eventually died in Lisbon on 11 December 1926 at the age of 56 years.He was buried there. (Khadijah) After the death of her husb and, Agnes later packed up and left Tanah Melayu with her children back to Scotland. She sold the castle to a British company called Harrisons and Crossfield. In the end, Kellies Castle was never completed. Fortunately the Malaysian Government, realising its tourism potential and heritage value, have since cleared the creepers and trees growing on the site and have unresolved it as a tourist attraction. (Hafizuddin) -548 words-

Control pollution Essay

Whether cars should be blackballned in all township centres is a involved issue, and one which many people have strong feelings about.There are some reasons why cars should be banned. Firstly, it would reduce pollution greatly, which is especially important since town centres always consist of tall buildings and narrow spaces which often hold the pollution in one spot. Secondly, with less traffic there would be a couple of(prenominal)er accidents, and accordingly society would save money because of reduced medical expenses. Finally, with no cars in town centres there would be no need for large, ugly car park and parking spaces. This would allow more space for buildings, houses, parks and the movement of buses and people, which could enhance a city greatly.However, there are some reasons why cars should non be banned. Firstly, it would make it very difficult for many people to travel to work. Most people would have to use public transport (trains and buses) which may become over crowded and unable to cope with the additional commuters*. Secondly, many people prefer cars because of the freedom it gives them, so banning cars would not be popular, and hence very difficult to implement* since few politicians would support the idea. Finally, cars are sometimes necessary to travel to parts of a city where public transport does not go. Cars are a more supple transport, especially for the elderly or sick (or lazy).In my opinion, cars should be restricted from town centres but only during peak hours. It would be impractical and impossible to ban cars completely because they are such an essential part of modern city living, however the problems of pollution and traffic congestion must be reduced. This solution is not perfect but the best we can do, and infact is done already in some major cities like Melborn in Australia.

Beautiful Boy Application Essay

He kept experimenting with more drugs and finally Crystal Meth. To be honest I think that he may shake off never developed the full capacity for formal reasoning. He also had a lot of different environmental and cultural influences that had a huge usurpation on him. Certain things would lead him towards the path of drugs, and he couldnt reason to himself differently. Now I am in my own program to recover from my dep endingance to Nics addiction (p. 305). I feel like that is a good example of how logical his reasoning really is. 2.Apply the concepts of Erikson Theory to Nics Development. At days 4 Nics parents got divorced. That was during the Preschool be, where the employment is Initiative vs. Guilt. In this stage children need to begin asserting control and power over their environment. Nic was doing well in this stage and the school age stage as well. His grades well good, he had friends and was active and involved in sports. His father thought that Nic was coping well becau se he was doing so well in school and playing sports. Nic was excelling in school and I could have been happier. (30) However related to Preschool stage Nic was able to control his grades, and his activities therefore he was about to successfully show his power. However, at age 12 Nics father found pot in Nics back pack. This is the adolescence stage where the conflict is Identity vs. Role Confusion. This is where teens need to develop a sense of self and personal identity. Success leads to an ability to stay true to yourself, while failure leads to intent confusion and a weak sense of self. Well Nic was not successful and true to himself because by the age 18 he had experimented with m some(prenominal) other drugs and was on looking towards Crystal Meth.At this point, he has lost his true identity and is going off track. Going into his Young Adulthood he was already unshakable on Meth. He became more and more into the drug everyday losing more of himself and hurting his family. The vicious cycle never seemed to end. 3. Apply Family Systems theory to the Sheff family. What concepts are observable in their interactions? We are dysfunctionalIm not sure if I know any functional families, if functional means a family without fractious times and members who dont have a full range of problems. (14) The Sheff family was dysfunctional, but also considering all the challenged and obstacles they went through with Nic that can cause a strain, which would surely not result in normal functional family. And I would have to agree with David I dont know if I know any functional families. Nic certainly was the most difficult member in the family. Calls to the hospitals and long nights wondering if Nic was OK are things his atomic number 91 became very familiar with. When Nic was on the street, his dad would drive around looking for him, hoping to find him and get him help. That would cause strain on any family.His father tried to instill family roles and family rules and boundaries however Nic would always end up on his own path Crystal Meth. The family roles were very unclear. Did anybody even really know the real Nic? (probably not) Also, there was really never any accord in the family. I mean the father would try his best but things always would get off track when it came to Nic and Meth. What was consistent was the typical behaviors and the way it is that the family became change too. Nics lie, stealing, and using. To me it seemed like the family was slowly disconnecting. Families are systems of interconnected and interdependent individuals none can be understood when isolated from the family. (pp) 4. What characteristics of resilience do you see in Nic? * He valued learning and he had excelled at writing. * I believe that he did have positive relationships with caring adults when he was in the right republic of mind. * He also did have problem solving skills. Now I am in my own program to recover from my addiction to Nics addiction (p. 3 05). He did not always make the best choice but when not on meth he could. * He did like to help others especially his family when he was on the right path.

How effective was Richard III as a king from 1483 †1485? Essay

At first, to associate Richard II with effectiveness seems an odd thing to do. He is a poof with one of the shortest reigns in incline history. He came to a violent end and his death was non solo the end of the Yorkist dynasty, moreover also an end to the male line of the Plantagenet dynasty that had been on the john since Henry VI in 1154. Richard cardinal has always been one of the better-known losers of history, with an appalling reputation for excessive ambition and ruthlessness. He was also in the only king to die in battle with the exception of Harold II (Godwinsson) in 1066.On the other hand, there is some evidence of his being an effective monarch. He was an active and hardworking king who wanted to se his ideas firmly established across England. He was also a pious man with a well- employ record book of hours. He had ability as a soldier and administrator. He also courted popularity by many means. He was dedicated to the promotion of justice, especially for the poor . This was shown in a proclamation issued in Kent following the 1483 lawlessness, the kings highness is fully determined to see due administration of justice throughout his realmand to reform, retaliate and subdue all extortions and oppressions the same. In addition to the proclamation, Richard also showed his desire to enforce law and order with equality by supplications.This meant access to law was opened up to people who could previously not afford it. Richards first act as king was to deliver a strict lecture to his judges in Westminster Hall on the impartial administration of justice for all his subjects. Another way of improving his popularity was to abolish benevolences, which had been greatly resented during Edward IVs reign. This began to happen when, subsequently his coronation, he went on progress around and made a point of declining benevolences offered to him, stating that he would not practice the extortions of his brothers reign. The official abolition occurred in 1484. He also established the College of Arms in 1484 and transferred Henry VIs remains to Windsor, a political gesture, showing that he was respectful towards the dead.Although Richard III had a fairly narrow power pocketbook, he did use patronage effectively, especially towards the nobility. This can be shown by his generosity to the duke of Norfolk. His rewards included his duchy, his share of the Mowbray hereditary pattern and the estates of the earl of Oxford. Another statelyman who benefited from Richards patronage was the duke of Buckingham, who was amply rewarded for his involvement in Richards usurpation, receiving the constableship of England among other things.Richard III showed his courage and his ability to use his powers as king in the speed of his suppression of the 1483 rebellion. The uprising occurred in October in the counties south of the Thames, led by former servants of Edward IV. The duke of Buckingham joined it at a later stage. tumid parts of the south we re rebelling for over a month, but although the rebellion was serious and threatening, it failed. This was largely due to Richards vigilance and effective use of spies. He used the duke of Norfolk to crush the rebels in the South East, and concentrated his own efforts effectively against Buckingham. Due to a combination of Buckinghams failure to raise support from his tenantry, an exceptional push that kept him trapped in Wales and his betrayal in Shropshire, Buckingham was brought to Salisbury downstairs Richards power and executed in December 1483. In two months the rebellion had been effectively quashed.An all-important(prenominal) measure of grave kingship is the domestic government. Richard continued and developed the Yorkist system of government, including the chamber system begun by his brother, Edward IV. He continued the policy of acquire lapsed feudal dues and improven the Crowns demesne through forfeiture. He was particularly vigilant in the promotion of law and orde r as explained previously, establishing the master of requests, John Harrington. He also established the Council of the North to fill the power vacuum he had left under his nephew, the earl of Lincoln. This meant that no one noble was given extreme power, thus limiting opposition to the crown.However, there is an equal amount of evidence suggesting that Richard III was an ineffective king. Although some aspects of his domestic government were strong, as explained in the previous paragraph, his foreign policy was largely unsuccessful. This is shown by the fact that Henry Tudor gained foreign backing to enable him to invade England in 1485. spark of Richards failure was due to bad luck. He had inherited a conflict with Scotland and strained traffic with the French, as a result of the treaty of tapis in 1482. The situation was worsened after the death of Louis XI because a situation similar to that before Richards usurpation had arisen. The French Government did not want noblemen at tempting usurpations after being in contact with Richard III, so shut down relations further. By making a truce with Brittany, Richard III suggested the assertable renewal of the Triple Alliance and a possible English invasion to the French Government, which increased their hostility.Although Richard III continued and developed the chamber system that had proved so effective during Edward IVs reign, however, his expenditure was greater than his income and he had growing financial problems by 1485. He was frequently accused of wasting the waste gained in his predecessors reign, although Edwards military expenses, his funeral and Richards own coronation, had considerably trim down it. By 1485 it was necessary for him to request loans from his greater subjects, which were largely not granted and deeply resented.There is also another side to the argument concerning the 1483 rebellion. Richards speedy reaction to the rebellion meant that a lot of the danger was reduced however it did continue to arouse a detrimental effect on his authority and power-base throughout his reign. Many of the rebel leaders had escaped and crossed the course to join Henry Tudor in Brittany forming a court in exile. This turned Henry Tudor into a more serious threat and anomic Richard a great deal of support. The rebellion also signified the failure to project himself as Edwards natural successor due to the high soma of his brothers servants who rebelled. Therefore he attempted to impose his rule upon the southern subjects by putting members of his Yankee retinue in positions of power in the South. This only served to increase resentment as the southern gentry felt these positions were rightly theirs. Only one member of the southern gentry fought with Richard III at the battle of Bosworth.Richard failed to swing the opinions of the super-magnates in his favour. These were a few very powerful men scattered around the country whose support really mattered. This can be shown with the earl of Northumberland. Although he was instrumental in Richards rise to power he wasnt given power over the North as he had expected, and was under the control of the Council of the North chaired by the earl of Lincoln who was an outsider to northern affairs. Thomas Lord Stanley was also important by his ability to change sides at the nigh opportune moment. Due to Richard IIIs failure to firmly secure Lord Stanley on his side, Stanley intervened at the battle of Bosworth at a crucial magazine against Richard and aided in his loss of the battle.Propaganda was another weak area of Richards kingship, which is demonstrated by the ineffectiveness of his 1484 act. This was meant to confirm the validity of Richard IIIs title to the throne and act as proclamation against Henry Tudor. This stated the marriage of Elizabeth Woodville and Edward IV was invalid therefore any children were illegitimate that the children of Clarence were debarred from the succession by his attainder condemned t he government of Edward IV due to the Woodville influence, described as harmful to English security, immoral and corrupt. Very few of Richards subjects believed the content of the proclamation and it did no good to Richard IIIs popularity.Although some of the problems during Richards reign were doubtless caused by his personal mistakes almost all of them were reinforced by bad luck. For example, the breakdown of relations with France was already begun in Edwards reign due to the bitterness caused by the terms of the Treaty of Arras. There is another argument that Richard III could never be a truly effective king due to the nature of his rise to power.This idea means that he was not ineffective because of his own personal abilities but his actions in 1483 meant he faced continual opposition from the day he seized power. Despite how historians withdraw attempted to justify Richards usurpation, it was unique in the remove of his nephews, showing an extreme level of naked aggression, which shocked even the most hardened of hearts. Although all usurpations have a certain aspect of aggression and ambition, Richard only when isolated so many key groups and is essential the only failed, not establishing his dynasty successfully, usurpation in English history.The case against Richard III concerning the princes in the tower is passing strong. The rumours concerning their death were politically harmful to Richard III and could easily be scotched by producing the Princes. However, Richard failed to ever offer any alternative evidence to their disappearance. His only counter-argument was under the ruse of protecting them, which did not satisfy his subjects. This lack of faith in Richard III led to the emergence of a Tudor-Woodville alliance as an alternative leadership. Many important members of the English gentry joined the Tudor-Woodville alliance, notably Buckingham when he joined the 1483 rebellion. More members of the gentry joined Henry Tudor in Brittany followi ng the rebellion, as Richard did not succeed in executing the leading rebels. This led to the creation of an alternative court in Brittany allowing Henry Tudor to build up his support base and strengthen his position.Many contributing factors led to Richard IIs failure to widen his power-base. Although he had a very large retinue, who he relied on implicitly, it was alike narrow a political base to be secure. This was partly due to Richards own personality he was a suspicious man in general, generous to those who earned his trust, but unwilling to let many close to him. However it was also due to the hostility of a large portion of the macrocosm towards him. Richard was never popular in the south and many others could not overcome their personal worries about his self-serving ambition. This meant he was entrapped within the narrow base of his northern support.Although I have explained previously in this essay many ways in which Richard III attempted to win popularity, none seemed to work. The methods employed by Richard, when other kings in history had used them did succeed in gaining support, so it was not due to Richards own effectiveness or ineffectiveness. Again the opposition towards him appears to have been based on the events of 1483 where his actions were interpreted as desperate, ruthless and hypocritical. It was not only his supposed tally of his nephews that caused resentment, people in the City of London were also against his murder of Lord Hastings during his time as protector, and uproar was only prevented through the use of Richards retinue.Overall I believe that Richard III was ineffective as a monarch between 1483 and 1485. However, this is not wholly because of his individual character, but mainly the events and singularly ambitious nature of his usurpation that he could not get by any means. As A.R. Myers said in England and the Late Middle Ages Had he come to the throne in the normal way, his abilitymight have given him a long and succe ssful reign. As it washis qualities were not enough to overcome the formidable hostility to him.

Example of Critical Thinking

I dropped out of college 3 times since I graduated from high school. The challenging part about it is that I know I motivation an education to be successful in life and to support my family but I often get bored with school very fast. If its not provoke or doesnt grab my attention, Im not interested. I barely made it out of high school. So this time I matt-up I had to do something with my life besides living. I decided to go back to school and what was challenging was the decision to even go back to school.Two questions I had about that problem of dropping out were, do I really want to go back to school? What could I do differently that I didnt do at my last 3 schools I went to? After thinking about the career path that I wanted to work towards, I did my research on different schools with my chosen degree program. The school choices were Phoenix University, Ashford University, and Devry University. My oldest sister attended Phoenix University to become a schoolteacher. She told me stories about her classes, instructors, and difficulty traffic with peers in class.She also had problems dealing with finances for school and they were giving her a hard time. So taking her experience with that school and doing research on my own, I decided that that school would not be a good fit for me, (facts & opinions) My past experiences with online schools and my decision on choosing Ashford for my choice of school to work towards my degree came from lacking(p) a school that will work with my busy schedule and me. I needed Instructors that are willing to help you instead of telling what to do and expecting you to control out what it is that youre trying to learning.I needed a school that would be fair and helpful when needed. These things Ive listed were things I werent getting from my past schools Ive attended. I also had take blame for my action as well. Turning in late work or not at all. Procrastinating to get things make and turned in on time. I have to focus on my g oal and that is to graduate with a degree and become the successful person my grannie would want me to be. In conclusion, I believe if I work hard, stay focused and do my work I will be successful this go round with school here at Ashford University.

My Vocation

Well, this story is a long single, as are intimately of my stories, besides here it goes My vocation story is simple it began with a thought from beau root wordl that my life was meant for something to a greater extent. This thought resounded non-Christian priesthood non only when in my head, but also in my day-to-day life. very(prenominal) man sequencefully, through the influence of my parents, through the desire to attend Holy Mass more regularly throughout the week, and through my experiences with the other member of our church especially choir, beau ideal Holy purpose (Mahal na Ingkong) was duty me to the priesthood.The first boy in a family of eight children,I grew up in a Catholic family that for the most part went to Mass every Sunday. I attended the parochial school at the parish my family went to for grades one to eight. Through the school, I made my first confession when I was in the second grade and certain my First Holy Communion in the third grade. Also th rough the parish school, I began serving at Mass in the fourth grade. During this fourth diwork forcesion I never analyseed a vocation to the priesthood or ghostlike life. I remember that in the first few geezerhood of grade school I matt-up a sense of awe when I stepped inside a church.At some point during grade school, that tang of awe and that the church building was somehow different went away. As prison term went on, I went to Mass on Sundays and received Communion largely because that is what my family did on Sundays and I went along. After I graduated from the sixth grade, I attended a private high school in the area that was an excellent college preparatory school. During this time I prepared for and received the Sacrament of Confirmation at my familys parish. I was mildly interested in receiving the Sacrament but to some extent, I received it because it was the next step in the life of a Catholic.My spiritual life as I graduated high school and prepared to go dark to college can be summarized by the word mechanical. I prayed before meals with my family because that is what we did. I went to Church on Sunday because that is what my family did. I prayed before bed because that is what my mother taught me. None of that would finale very long subsequently I went to college and was on my stimulate. During my teenage years my grandmother are hoping that I would become a priest someday. Upon hearing how she mentioned the news to my relative, I was dumbfounded.I think it was more a reaction to have a sweet matinee idol in an unloving world, and my thoughts were more along the lines that if I ignored God, maybe He would honourable go away After high school, I attended Divine Mercy College and a workings student. I attend Sunday on my own for roughly half of my first quarter as a freshmen and then stopped. When I was home for Christmas, Spring break, and summer, I went to Mass along with my family but did non receive Communion. Towards the end o f my sophomore year, my outflank partner knowing I was Catholic began to ask wherefore Catholics did certain thingsMy Best friend is not a typical type of religious catholic person. What he knew of the Catholic faith he had learned from so he knew Catholics worshiped Mary and the saints and did not read the bible. I had no idea how to answer his principals or statements regarding Catholic beliefs. I was for the large part ignorant of what Catholics believed and why we did things the way we did them, even afterwards six years of ignorance in worshipping influenced by my parents. When praying the rosary for physical exertion, I did not know one was supposed to mediate on each of mysteries while reciting the prayers. My outperform friend iterate what he had learned close to Catholic beliefs and I was clueless and unable to respond. I was motivated by my best friend questions to learn what Catholics believed. I may not have learned much during my years in our home but one asser tion in particular made by my best friend drew my attention. It was the statement that Catholics worship statues. I definitely could not explain why that was fabricated but I knew it to be false. I had stood in front of statues and prayed. I had seen other people al-Qaeda in front of statues praying. I had seen people reverence statues. I never ever thought the statue was organism worshiped.I knew and I think the other people knew the statue was not an object to be worshiped and that worship was only disposed to God. I found on-line resources like Catholic Answers and catholic. org. Based on what I learned on-line I purchased some books. I began going to Mass at our church. Something was different around Mass now. The priest was the same as before, but now his homilies were somehow collapse. I began to accreditedize that while it was possible that Fathers homilies had gotten demote over the past year and half to two years, the problem was really with me I simply had not been listening before.I tried to learn as much as I could about the Catholic faith. I also tried to keep going to Mass during the week and praying Morning and Evening Prayer so that those were not just things I did for Lent. I brought a rosary always for protection. During this time when my faith was re-create and I took an active part in fostering my faith and prayer life (around 2009 up to this day). I was an active auxiliary in these past few years most especially in a choir. I conceive ofed to be a choir of our church until I had legion(predicate) experiences encountered as a member. Until, one day I won the championship for Battle of the Band contest held last 2011.Lastly, I was appointed to be the chairman of Toka9 auxiliary and in that respect are several great blessed things happened to me last year. Until, the thought of being a priest occurred to me. At times I could see myself as a priest offering the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass. just when I though about it, it seemed like an idea that was not possible and that God would not pick me. I have a speech suaveness disorder look toed stuttering (or stammering). At times, it seemed to me to be severe. As a result, I really did not like humanity speaking. I pushed off the idea of being a priest as being an impossible dream or fantasy.Certainly, I took the idea of being a priest seriously and was nervous that God was business me. I continued going to Mass on Sundays and weekdays when possible, praying Morning and Evening Prayer, and trying to do an moment of personal meditation a night. I began to recognize that God was calling me, but I was thriving with my life. For, so many things happened to me as an active parishioner I always ask God Holy kernel (Mahal na Ingkong) Why should I stay? At first I had a hard time recognizing that God was calling me in this manner, but over the years I have come to better understand just how God was laying things out for me.My inspiration to say yes was encouraged by the example of my dream. Since, I managed to be an active member of our church I was in the process of bringing myself scalelike to God Holy Spirit (Mahal na Ingkong) and because of this I often spoke with him about this secret and it had influenced me to chance on my decision final. Through his words and even more through his example, I realized that I penuryed my life to reflect the same desire to serve God. I continued my frigid relationship with God through college days. And, I considered this is one of the interesting parts of my religious life. This realization started a slow thaw.Slowly but surely I started becoming more involved in the Church, realizing eventually that God did exist and did care, so perhaps I should return that with more than I had been. Indeed, the more I frequented Holy Mass the more the desire grew indoors my heart to give up my life because of my sins. One day when the mass was about to start it came out to my mind when I would watch the priest duri ng Holy Mass, especially at the moments of consecration, I longed to be the man at the altar, offering the sacrifice. Honestly, I considered this was a hilarious part of my daydreaming that time.Its been said that if you need to make God laugh, tell Him your plans. So, I figured, why consult Him on the egress? But there comes a time my home life was still a mess and there are several sins I made. Someone asked me to tape a Eucharistic adoration if I want to have a conversation from god and to seek swear out. I started going for the first time to dread on a weekly basis. It was during one of this Holy Hours that I could finally ask God the question that had bothered me all though out my on-going conversion if He dearestd me so much, why did he want me to enter this new world?I thought it was okay that He wanted to care for me now, but what about before? Did he understand my mortal sin? I told God that if I was mistaken, and my call was truly to the priesthood, then to please se nd me some type of dramatic sign to permit me know. I am aware that it is a fairly common phenomenon for young people discerning a vocation to the religious life to ask for this, but it is not a healthy or discriminate request, since God does not generally work that way. One of the great signs I received is that when I went into the bang to Bohol, our grace asked me to pursue my dreams but I should enter the religious vocation.Secondarily, in the middle of the month after the mission my father also asked me if I want to study theology this coming school classes. Eventually, I seek for the last and other signs for I have the so-called proof of entering priesthood. But Unfortunately, I was really in crisis at this point, but I still hadnt received three or more of the dramatic signs I wanted from God in order to show me that I was called to the priesthood preferably than the normal single life. During these Holy Hours, I would ask this question again and again, until, finally, one night I opted to listen for His response (a good idea listening at prayer . I had heard that God suffers with His children, but, that night, I heard those words as though Christ Himself had spoken them to me Where was I? I was utter and suffering with you Gradually, from the inspiration of these experiences and from time in prayer I decided to answer yes to Gods desire. However, after making the decision I was afraid to mention anything to anyone for a good two weeks. Finally, after holding this decision within myself for so long (at least it seemed long to me), I decided that I should tell someone.So, I went to one of my friends, Hijas De Maria Lenny Enrica, and I talked things out with her. She, however, was not surprised by my news, which in turn left me surprised. You see, HDM Lenny was one of my co-choir member in our church and as part of her job she is also an auxiliary officer of the Diocese Region 13 Queen Of Angels and a very supportive friend of mine and I clearly exp lained and mentioned to her my desire to join the priesthood. Needless to say, I took this conversation as an avowal from God that I was following the right style. Interestingly bountiful, HDM Lenny once again layed an important role in helping me pusue my vocation. During our time in a Choir meeting I informed her again that I desired to enter the order. I can only explain this as Gods Providence. She knew where I belonged, only I had to figure it out as well. Im actually judgmental within myself I grew incredibly in my terrible past life and because of a combination of temptation and of my own weakness, I was not awakened in this horrible dream of my life. I thought that God credibly existed, but He didnt care one way or another about what I was doing in my life.I really owe this acceptance (as little as it seemed) to my auxiliary friends, to whom God seemed very real and very near. I realized that although the decision to become a priest would entail great sacrifice, that didn t mean that it was not a sacrifice I was called to make. Still, it really hurt when I thought about the idea of never claiming my bodys needs and necessities. In many ways, all the joys of my vocation were unfathomed to me, and all I could focus on were the beautiful things that I would be well-favoured up.I was really interested that I wouldnt have the courage to start or the resolve to follow through with my calling. But it hit me one day that no one is strong enough or worthy enough to be a priestthat grace can only come from God. And so I said, Okay, God, I believe that you want me to be a priest, and I acceptI will do it. I know you know how much this hurts, and that my sacrifice is that much more meaningful to you because you know. Still, I asked God for help with two things. First, I said, I am so weakfar too weak to do this on my own.I agreed to your mysterious plan for me, but I dont have the bearing to carry it out, so all the rest has to come from youI am leaning on y ou in all and entirely. And I remember having this amazing sense of peace, knowing that God would always make me equal to the tasks to which he was calling me as long as I could bring myself to ask. It was thrilling to realize that I wasnt expected toindeed couldnthave the strength or perseverance to do what God was asking, it was only for me to agree to do it, and then to prayThe second thing I asked for was peace of mindI said, God, I believe I am called to the priesthood, but I dont want to be a miserable priest a martyr in my own eyesI want to be joyful For the next 30 days, I will make sure to spend xx or thirty minutes each day after Mass praying in your Presence. If, as I believe, you are truly calling me to the priesthood, please help me to feel at peace with my decision to enter the seminary by the end of that time. By the end of that period I was so convinced of my calling that I could laugh about the difficulties I had had a month earlier I have learned that it doesnt need any dramatic signs to consider or to pursue your vocation. There are simple things to consider the reason of your call. Primarily, your openness to your calling, then your understanding of your calling, then the acceptance of your calling, then you must embrace your calling, lastly, your love to your calling.I believed these can be enough reason for you to enter priesthood. And, I considered this simple appreciation would be the best sign but is a great call given to me by God Holy Spirit (Mahal na Ingkong). Just to wrap up Theres a lot of discussion about how much our Church needs priests and religious, and I think we can all see that. But its a mistake to talk about a vocations crisisbecause that implies that there arent enough vocations to the priesthood.But Christ told us that he would never leave his Church without shepherds, and so he is definitely still calling many, many young men to the priesthood, and he calls many, many young women to the religious life. The crisis i s not in the number of men and women who God calls, the crisis is in the tiny percentage of those young men and women who actually respond to that call. Thats the crisis. I convey Our Blessed Mother Mary and St. Maria Virginia for her guidance throughout this process, which I like to call the Origin of my vocation.She has blessed me with so many graces that have aided me in finding the path that God Holy Spirit (Mahal Na Ingkong) has laid out for me within the religious section of my adolescence age and more importantly, within the priesthood of Christ, her Son. Although I may not recognize her heavenly assistance, I am most grateful that she has carried me here so that I may fulfill Gods purpose for giving me life. I thank God for His countless blessings and patience with my stubbornness and desire to fulfill my will. I thank God in particular for leading me to discover His call.

Colonial School vs Modern Era

compound School vs. Modern Era The impact of schools has been ever changing. From their New England traditions, to civilizing of western settlers, and finally the requirement of better individuals what schools and reading have to do in confederation is constantly beingness molded and remolded. New models, ideas, ideals, and requirements for schools argon constantly being doed and have come a long way from the compound dot to the modern era.During colonial times school and education was used to maintain the authority of the government and trust (Spring 13) as well as to maintain affable distinction and uphold morals. Un homogeneous nowadays, some schools in the New England colonies relied heavily upon spectral and racist find outings. And many people agreed that it was of import to include piety in schools just as it was included in many some other practices at the time. This however created a major problem for the growing country as schools non only excluded all reli gions besides Protestant Christianity only if also as a result were racist against peoples of other beliefs.Many new immigrants to the United States were surprise and upset that a democracy boasting freedom of religion was forcing one specific religion by dint of the use of schools and even discriminating against the people of different religious backgrounds. As pointed out in the take up School The Story of the Statesn Public Education, Part 1 early Irish settlers, who were mostly pricey Catholics, came to find that the primers used in schools forced squirtren to not only learn and recall Christian beliefs and proverbs but also painted Irishmen in an undoubtedly negative light going even so further as to call them foul and even the lowest of people.As a result of this discrimination Catholic groups in the nineteenth century rebelled and reform of schools began to take place. Schools were also means to teach children to obey the laws of society and the government. Much of c olonial society was based upon class and the distinction between them. It was not only important to the puritan society that children read the Bible but also perish good workers and members of society.First thanks to the mommy Law of 1642 and then in 1647 the Old Deluder Satan Law (Spring 17) a organisation was established that needful towns to be concerned with the literacy and education of their children. It also required towns with over fifty households to appoint a instructor to teach reading and writing in the community and those with over one hundred households to also establish a grammar school, which emphasized Latin and Greek, to prepare students for higher education.During the colonial period apprenticeship was common but because the nation was small many of the apprenticeships were either cut short or unavailable. It was one of the jobs of a master to teach literacy and maybe arithmetic to his apprentice but because of the unavailability many drop down short of this requirement. It then fell upon the law to create the aforementioned schools and educate children to not only teach them the ability to read the record and the laws of the nation but to also educate them in the proper way to conduct themselves in social and formal work settings.Much of the actual teaching of morals and way of conducting oneself was taught in the literacy schools, once a child was able to adhere to the rules and was sufficient liberal in reading and writing they were able to attend grammar schools, with enough money in some cases, so that they may be able to move onto college and careers beyond. It comes as no surprise that English colonists thought of the intrinsic Americans as uncivilized, lawless, and godless and attempted to introduce all of these elements to them through schools and religious institutions for their own benefit.Here education served an entirely different purpose, as cultural imperialism. Despite the disinterest from infixed Americans, and cul tures worldwide, the English refused to give up their hopes on instilling their culture and beliefs upon other peoples. In pairing America these efforts were accompanied by genocide and it is estimated that ninety percent of the Native American population on the collectable east Coast was lost during the European invasion (Spring 24), largely due to diseases brought by settlers but also due to the feelings of cultural and racial high quality that white settlers heavily believed in.Benjamin Franklin even believed that there needed to be much(prenominal) white people in the world and that the principle body of white people should populate North Americaand why increase the Sons of Africa, by planting them in America, where we have so fair an opportunity, by excluding all Blacks and Tawnys, of increasing the lovely White? (Spring 25) This overwhelming feeling of superiority by the white settlers brought them to satisfy the Native Americans as an obstacle they needed to overcome . Some of the things that they wanted to change about the Indians were their work habits, views on sexuality, family organization, and womens power.All of these things directly contrasted to the puritan beliefs of a male dominated authoritarian modest culture. Early education of the Native Americans was shadely unsuccessful with many of the teachings being simply laughed at by the Natives and forgotten. After spill an execution law for those who were not civilized and God-fearing people, schools began to be established specifically for the process of civilizing Native Americans. Eleazar Wheelock founded the Dartmouth College in 1769 (Spring 28) where Indian children were removed from their tribesand placed into boarding schools for cultural conversion. (Spring 28) Wheelock believed that if the Native Americans were deterred from their native culture and taught to live like the colonists and educated into specific roles such as farming and cultivation for boys and homemaking for gi rls they would be able to successfully change and that Indian Wars would no longer be a problem. This system seemed to have worked when Samson Occom, a Mohegan Indian, not only successfully passed through the school but also went on to travel to England to advocate for the system and the establishment of more Praying Indian schools.Obviously todays schools are much less grounded in religious and white superiority traditions. Although some themes do continue to the present such as education being a means of preparing children to obey government laws, that education get out eliminate crime, immorality, and poverty, and that education is a informant of social mobility. (Spring 14) In the home children today are nurtured and while they are taught social conduct and what is sort out and wrong it is in the classroom that children learn to sit still, obey people outside their family, work with others, and to complete tasks on time.These are all requirements any job will entail and are best experient in an educational setting. Many people also believe that education for their children will give their children a better life than them. Todays parents want their children to grow up to be better, to be more prosperous, and more educated than themselves. Schools promise to provide the means for children to excel in life. Not only will the education of children allow them to obtain better jobs and more rewarding careers but it is considered that by acquiring friendship people will inherently choose to be good eradicating immorality and crime.As previously mentioned modern education frowns upon the inclusion of religion in the classroom, except in cases such as Catholic or other religious or unavowed non-publically funded school. Schools today are for knowledge only, a place where all the findings, ideas, and breeding of the world is attempted to be taught to the young and bright minds of today. Another stark difference between colonial education and todays society i s that culture and difference are celebrated. While cultural superiority may never fully die out todays schools advocate for acceptance and superbia in the diversity of students.Rather than suppress the cultural individualism many classrooms explore and exhibit the as many cultures as they can and bring light and information to everyone about each other. Much of education today leads toward higher education, whereas during colonial periods higher education and prestigious jobs were delicacies for the elite. In some cases this is still true, where students who may be deserving of quality education may not be able to pay the tuition of prized private schools such as Harvard, Stanford, or MIT.But for the most part educations at non-Ivy league schools are still super regarded and sometimes even praised as those who may attend them have more real life pay back. Employers today not only worry about where one went to school but what he or she did there and what type of person they are. This makes schools in the modern era a place for equality, where anyone can become their wildest dreams. Bibliography Spring, Joel H. The American School A Global Context from the Puritans to the Obama Era. New York McGraw-Hill, 2011. Print.

Advertising Print Essay

It is my great pleasure to absorb this fortune to ac bashledge the contri onlyion of number of throng who helped me in successful completing of this communicate. Firstly I would kindred to express my exposetily gratitude and sincere thanks to Mr. Agarwal Sir for any(prenominal)owing me to do this project and gratefully acknowledge the contri moreoverion by him without his support and valuable suggestion this project could non be successful. I offer my heart ego regards to Mrs Aradhana Albert for her endless guidance, monitoring and in changeal discussion which become light for me in the entire duration of this project in overcoming the barrier and reaching this stage.Finally I am sincerely thankful to opposites who have in a flash or indirectly helped me in the completion of the project. (SHILPA JINDAL) 1Page PREFACE The title of my project is respectable ISSUES IN ADVERTISING. advertise smoke be defined as any paid seduce of non private first appearance and promot ion of ideas, proceedsouslys or operate through mass media such(prenominal) as newspapers, magazines, goggle box or radio by an identified suspensor So basically denote is a mass discourse theory device through whichcompanies promote or market their product to the consumer, and this enables them to behave informed phthisis decisivenesss. As now a days advertizements have a really great impact on the consumers bearing it plays precise important role in our Indian economic system directly or indirectly. so if it become un estimable it leads our golf club in wrong direction. To master these problems sure ethical standards be descend up by the brass and I demand to throw a light on this only. As it is a very wide field so here I am restricted to the electronic media only.We have to think approximately this unethical problem and this wrong presentation of business. So that we fundament relent effective ethics to our youngsters. 2Page EXECUTIVE compendium TITLE The title of the project is ethical ISSUES IN ADVERTISEMENT. announce mickle be defined as any paid form of non psycheal presentation and promotion of ideas, goods or run through mass media such as newspapers, magazines, idiot box set or radio by an identified sponsor. INTRODUCTION Advertising plays an important part in our perfunctory lives as it enables us to choose between distinct ranges of products.These products be promoted through different types of advertisements and cater to all types of markets. On the other(a) hand advertizing is plagued with mixer and ethical issues as it results in over aspiration and savage of resources. Advertising nominates an environment where it abuses certain recover and interests that ar not popularly agreed upon. For type in 2001 Yves Saint Laurent launched a fragrance called Opium which featured a naked model. This stirred controversy and bulk found it offensive and sex was organism use openly to promote a perfume.For a d emeanour magazine the advertisement was fine but for billboards it was inappropriate and some amicable groups found it deterrent examplely and ethically wrong. more or less ages publicizing draws mixed result from the public, while sometimes it becomes debatable. SCOPE AND OBJECTIVE OF written report numerous advertisements argon designed to generate change magnitude consumption of those products and services through the creation and reinvention of the defacement image. For these purposes, advertisements sometimes embed their persuasive put across with factual information.Every major medium is used to deliver these messages, including television, radio, cinema, magazines, newspapers, video games, the Internet, carrier bags and billboards. Advertising is practically placed by an advertizing agency on behalf of a company or other organization. 3Page Advertising is a powerful confabulation force, super manifest and one(a) of the most(prenominal) important tools of mar keting conference that helps to fail products, services, ideas and images etcetera much believe that advertising reflects the need of the times.Whether one resemblings it or not, advertisements argon everywhere. They atomic number 18 containn on the walls, on the rachis of buses, in play grounds, on the occasion of sports event, on roadsides, in the stores and even on aeroplanes. Advertisements are seen in newspapers, in magazines, on the television, on internet and are even heard on radio. The fact is that we are macrocosm bombarded with advertisements day in and day out from all imaginable media. The average consumer is exposed to a very large number of advertisements every day, specificly the urban and semitrailer urban population.In spite of this, to the dismay and mood of some and enjoyment of others, advertisement will lead to make their presence entangle in our lives and bewitch our lives in many a(prenominal) unsuspecting ways because of rapid changes in macro- environment and in our perception, impressions, feelings, attitudes and behaviour. It seems almost unacceptable to remain totally neutral and not take any notice of present-day(a) advertising. The most visible part of the advertising process is the advertisements that we see, read, or hear and praise or criticise.Many suitable adjectives are used to describe advertising, depending on how an individual is reacting, such as great, dynamic, alluring, fascinating, annoying, boring, intrusive, irritating and offensive, etc. METHODOLOGY For completing this project the required information or the raw data is gathered from the sources care websites , journals, magazines ,text books etc which is the most difficult task of this project making as it is the most time consuming process. but overall this topic is quite interesting to gain knowledge about the ethics in ads the controversial ads also.The purpose of taking this topic is that in the present scenario advertisement has a gre at impact on the consumers behavior so if it becomes unethical it will lead the nightclub in the wrong direction. To overcome these problems certain ethical standards are set up by 4Page the government or regulation bodies and i want to throw a light on this only. Ethics basically refers to what is right, good or containent with virtue. Advertising generates complex ethical questions which have to be considered, as this mode of communication commits some highly controversial ethical acts which are damaging to the society as a hearty.SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Here I am restricted to the ethical issues of advertisement related to television media only as this subject has a very wide arena to be focused on. Her I hardly want to know that how much these set standards are successful in maintaining the dignity of the Indians touch sensations and their feeling. 5Page RESEARCH METHODOLOGY TITLE Ethical Issues In Advertising Advertising is a form of communication that typ ically attempts to persuade potential customers to purchase or to consume more of a particular tarnish of product or service.Ethics refers to principles that define behavior as right, good and proper. Such principles do not always dictate a single virtuous course of action, but provide a means of evaluating and deciding among competing options. In the present scenario advertisement has a great impact on the consumers behavior so if it becomes unethical it will lead the society in the wrong direction. To overcome these problems certain ethical standards are set up by the government or regulation bodies. DURATION OF pop the question This is a very long term project so we have been provided with a period of one month for the completion.To make it easy this period was bifurcated into various sections of making blue print, abstract, collecting base data, secondary data, making preliminary report, secondary report and final report at the end which makes the whole process easy to attem pt. OBJECTIVE Advertising plays an important part in our everyday lives as it enables us to choose between different ranges of products. These products are promoted through different types of advertisements and cater to all types of markets. On the other hand advertising is 6Pageplagued with social and ethical issues as it results in over consumption and waste of resources. Advertising creates an environment where it abuses certain set and interests that are not universally agreed upon. Advertisements as Mirrors of prevailing norms Marketers claim that advertising simply reflects the attitudes and values of the surrounding culture. No doubt advertising, homogeneous the media of social communications in general, does act as a mirror. But, also like media in general. It is a mirror that helps shape the reality it reflects, and sometimes it presents a distorted image of reality.Advertisers are selective about the values and attitudes to be fostered and encouraged, promoting some whi le ignoring others The purpose of taking this topic is that in the present scenario advertisement has a great impact on the consumers behavior so if it becomes unethical it will lead the society in the wrong direction. To overcome these problems certain ethical standards are set up by the government or regulation bodies and I want to throw a light on this only. I can differentiate my objectives for taking this topic as follows To know the various ethical marketing strategies of the market leaders. To know how can we make a ethical advertisement. To know the impact of unethical advertisement on the society. To evoke my marketing skills. To know the role of advertisement in the success of any organization. TYPE OF RESEARCH As I took the data from magazines , books, internet links , journals and news papers. It is research of descriptive type. SCOPE OF STUDY Advertising is a powerful communication force, highly visible and one of the most important tools of marketing communication that helps to sell products, services, ideas and images etc. Many believe that advertising reflects the need of the times.Whether one likes it or not, advertisements are everywhere. They are seen on the walls, on the back of 7Page buses, in play grounds, on the occasion of sports event, on roadsides, in the stores and even on aero planes. Advertisements are seen in newspapers, in magazines, on the television, on internet and are even heard on radio. Here I am focusing mainly on the media as a source of advertising. The fact is that we are being bombarded with advertisements day in and day out from all imaginable media. The average consumer is exposed to a very large number of advertisements everyday, particularly the urban and semi urban population.In spite of this, to the dismay and irritation of some and enjoyment of others, advertisement will continue to make their presence felt in our lives and influence our lives in many unsuspecting ways because of rapid changes in macro- env ironment and in our perception, impressions, feelings, attitudes and behaviors. It seems almost impossible to remain totally neutral and not take any notice of modern-day advertising. The most visible part of the advertising process is the advertisements that we see, read, or hear and praise or criticize. 8Page CORE STUDY INTRODUCTIONAdvertising can be defined as any paid form of non personal presentation and promotion of ideas, goods or services through mass media such as newspapers, magazines, television or radio by an identified sponsor So basically advertising is a mass communications device through which companies promote or market their product to the consumer, and this enables them to make informed consumption decisions. Advertising is a powerful communication force, highly visible and one of the most important tools of marketing communication that helps to sell products, services, ideas and images etc.Many believe that advertising reflects the need of the times. Whether one likes it or not, advertisements are everywhere. They are seen on the walls, on the back of buses, in play grounds, on the occasion of sports event, on roadsides, in the stores and even on aeroplanes. Advertisements are seen in newspapers, in magazines, on the television, on internet and are even heard on radio. The fact is that we are being bombarded with advertisements day in and day out from all imaginable media. The average consumer is exposed to a very large number ofadvertisements everyday, particularly the urban and semi urban population. In spite of this, to the dismay and irritation of some and enjoyment of others, advertisement will continue to make their presence felt in our lives and influence our lives in many unsuspecting ways because of rapid changes in macro- environment and in our perception, impressions, feelings, attitudes and behaviour. It seems almost impossible to remain totally neutral and not take any notice of modern-day advertising. The most visible part of the advertising process is the advertisements that we see, read, or hear and praise or criticise.Many suitable 9Page adjectives are used to describe advertising, depending on how an individual is reacting, such as great, dynamic, alluring, fascinating, annoying, boring, intrusive, irritating and offensive, etc. Advertising plays an important part in our everyday lives as it enables us to choose between different ranges of products. These products are promoted through different types of advertisements and cater to all types of markets. . Advertising enables producers to expand their markets and therefore take return of economies of scale to reduce unit production costsMany advertisements are designed to generate increased consumption of those products and services through the creation and reinvention of the brand image. For these purposes, advertisements sometimes embed their persuasive message with factual information. Every major medium is used to deliver these messages, including television, radio, cinema, magazines, newspapers, video games, the Internet, carrier bags and billboards. Advertising is often placed by an advertising agency on behalf of a company or other organization.On the other hand advertising is plagued with social and ethical issues as it results in over consumption and waste of resources. Ethics basically refers to what is right, good or consistent with virtue. Advertising generates complex ethical questions which have to be considered, as this mode of communication commits some highly controversial ethical acts which are damaging to the society as a whole. It promotes overselling, exploitation of vulnerable groups, vulgarity, offending the public, promoting socially harmful values or behavior and intrusion of privacy.Advertising creates an environment where it abuses certain values and interests that are not universally agreed upon. For deterrent example in 2001 Yves Saint Laurent launched a fragrance called Opium which featured a naked model. This stirred controversy and people found it offensive and sex was being used openly to promote a perfume. For a expression magazine the advertisement was fine but for billboards it was inappropriate and 10 P a g e some social groups found it morally and ethically wrong. Some times advertising draws mixed response from the public, while sometimes it becomes controversial. NEED OF ADVERTISINGAdvertising is the promotion of a companys products and services carried out primarily to drive sales of the products and services but also to build a brand identity and communicate changes or new product /services to the customers. Advertising has become an essential instalment of the corporate world and hence the companies allot a considerable list of revenues as their advertising budget. in that location are several(prenominal)(prenominal) reasons for advertising some of which are as follows Increasing the sales of the product/service Creating and maintaining a brand identity o r brand image. Communicating a change in the existing product line. Introduction of a new product or service. Increasing the buzz-value of the brand or the company. substance of Advertising Basically advertising creates wants but does not fulfill them, a person may see an advertisement for a product, it might be glossy and fancy and he might be attracted to subvert the product. He might eventually buy it but it will not satisfy him it will just be a waste. Its a short term material satisfaction which just drives the economy by over consumption of goods and services. It keeps the consumer in doubt about what to buy and in what quantities and this doubt in turn has ethical implications.Four reasons are attributed to the fugacious nature of the way advertising practices are being carried out in developing countries. 11 P a g e 1. The role of instruction and Communication technologies As ICTs evolve so do marketing practices. If yesterday it was television that revolutionized the way advertisements could create a lasting impact on the consumer, then today the internet and phone text messages are doing just that. 2. The world today is an change magnitudely global village tender and ethnic boundaries are spry falling in the wake of cable television and the like. 3.Rapid economic expansions in countries like china and India have meant that marketers have to quickly respond to the changing socio-economic scenarios. Millions of people have entered the shopping center class and millions more are poised to do so. For marketers, the consequences can be mind boggling-as incomes and spending powers rise, marketers have to respond to increasing demands from consumers. 4. Better and improved marketing research has meant that the entire populace is not seen in totality but rather as a congeries of different types of consumers. TYPES OF ADVERTISING There can be several branches of advertising.Mentioned below are the various categories or types of advertising. 12 P a g e famous person Broadcast advertising Advertising Print outsideAdvertising Advertising TYPES OF Infomercials ADVERTISING Public Service Advertising masked Advertising Surrogate Advertising 13 P a g e 1. Print Advertising Newspapers, Magazines, Brochures, and Fliers and less favourite newspaper would cost far less than placing an advertisement in a general newspaper The print media have always been a popular advertising medium. Advertising products via newspapers or magazines is a common practice.In addition to this, the print media also offers options like promotional brochures and fliers for advertising purposes. Often the newspapers and the magazines sell the advertising space according to the area occupied by the advertisement, the position of the advertisement (front page/middle page), as well as the readership of the publications. For instance an advertisement in a relatively new with a high readership. The cost of print ads also depend on the supplement in which they appear, for example an advertisement in the glossy supplement costs way higher than that in the newspaper supplement which uses a mediocre quality paper. 2.Outdoor AdvertisingBillboards, Kiosks, Tradeshows and Events 14 P a g e Outdoor advertising is also a very popular form of advertising, which makes use of several tools and techniques to attract the customers outdoors. The most common examples of outdoor advertising are billboards, kiosks, and also several events and tradeshows organized by the company. The billboard advertising is very popular however has to be really terse and catchy in order to arrest the attention of the passersby. The kiosks not only provide an easy outlet for the company products but also make for an effective advertising tool to promote the companys products.Organizing several events or sponsoring them makes for an excellent advertising opportunity. The company can organize trade fairs, or even exhibitions for advertising their products. If not this, th e company can organize several events that are closely associated with their field. For instance a company that manufactures sports utilities can sponsor a sports tournament to advertise its products. 3. Broadcast advertising Television, Radio and the Internet The radio jingles have been very popular advertising media and have a large impact on the audience, which is evident in the fact that many people still rememberand enjoy the popular radio jingles Broadcast advertising is a very popular advertising medium that constitutes of several 15 P a g e branches like television, radio or the Internet. Television advertisements have been very popular ever since they have been introduced. The cost of television advertising often depends on the duration of the advertisement, the time of broadcast (prime time/peak time), and of course the popularity of the television channel on which the advertisement is going to be broadcasted. The radio might have lost its witch owing to the new age med ia however the radio remains to be the choice of small-scale advertisers.4. ulterior Advertising Advertising in Movies Covert advertising is a unique kind of advertising in which a product or a particular brand is incorporated in some cheer and media channels like movies, television shows or even sports. There is no commercialised in the enjoyment but the brand or the product is Subtly ( or sometimes evidently) showcased in the entertainment show. Some of the famous examples for this sort of advertising have to be the appearance of brand Nokia which is displayed on Tom canvasss phone in the movie Minority Report, or the use of Cadillac cars in the movie matrix Reloaded.16 P a g e surrogate Common examples include of Fosters and Kingfisher beer help indirectly brands, which are often seen Advertising to promote their brand with the Advertising advertising. 5. Surrogate Surrogate advertising is prominently seen in cases where advertising a particular product is banned by law . Advertisement for products like cigarettes or alcohol which are injurious to heath are prohibited by law in several countries and hence these companies have to come up with several other products that might have the same advertising as an effectiveenergy communication medium to convey AIDS, socially relevant messaged about like 17 P a g e important matters and social welfare causes Causes integrity, Advertising for Social political 6. Public Service Advertising conservation, bottles of the same brand. deforestation, illiteracy, poverty and people of the cigarettes or beer so on. ent or the summary of an interesting point. You can position the text box anywhere in the document. Use the school text Box Tools tab to change the formatting of the pull quote text box. brand name and indirectly remindToday public service advertising has been increasingly used in a non-commercial appearance in several countries across the world in order to promote various social causes. In USA, the r adio and television stations are granted on the basis of a fixed amount of Public service advertisements aired by the channel. 7. Celebrity Advertising 18 P a g e and the modern day consumer getting immune to the exaggerated claims made in a majority of advertisements, there exist a section of advertisers that Using celebrities for advertising involves signing up celebrities for advertisingcampaigns, which consist of all sorts of advertising including, television ads or even print advertisements. Although the audience is getting smarter and smarter still rely upon celebrities and their popularity for advertising their products. Infomercials There are two types of infomercials, described as long form and short form. vast form infomercials have a time length of 30 minutes. Short form infomercials are 30 seconds to 2 minutes long. Infomercials are also known as direct response television (DRTV) commercials or direct response marketing.The main objective in an infomercial is to crea te an impulse purchase, so that the consumer sees the presentation and then immediately buys the product through the advertised toll-free telephone number or website. Infomercials describe, display, and 19 P a g e often demonstrate products and their features, and commonly have testimonials from consumers and industry professionals. morality 1. INTRODUCTION In this era of globalization &multinational competition, ethical practices in business are assuming importance as relationships with various suppliers& customers are shaped by ethical practices& mutual give.So, ethical decision taking assumes importance in todays corporate world. 2. What Is Ethics? Ethics refers to principles that define behavior as right, good and proper. Such principles do not always dictate a single moral course of action, but provide a means of evaluating and deciding among competing options. The terms ethics and values are not interchangeable. Ethics is concerned with how a moral person should behave, wh ereas values are the inner judgments that determine how a person actually behaves. Values concern ethics when they pertain to beliefs about what is right and wrong. most(prenominal) values, however, have nothing to do with ethics. For instance, the desire for health and wealth are values, but not ethical values. 3. The Importance of Universality Most people have convictions about what is right and wrong based on religious beliefs, cultural roots, family background, personal obtains, laws, organizational values, professional norms and political habits. These are not the best values to make ethical decisions by not because they are unimportant, but because they are not universal. In 20 P a g econtrast to consensus ethical values such basics as trustworthiness, respect, responsibility, fairness, caring and citizenship personal and professional beliefs vary over time, among cultures and among members of the same society. They are a source of continuous historical disagreement, even wars. There is nothing wrong with having strong personal and professional moral convictions about right and wrong, but unfortunately, some people are moral imperialists who seek to impose their personal moral judgments on others.The universal ethical value of respect for others dictates honoring the dignity and autonomy of each person and cautions against selfrighteousness in areas of legitimate controversy. 4. Why Be Ethical? People have lots of reasons for being ethical There is inner benefit. Virtue is its own reward. There is personal advantage. It is prudent to be ethical. Its good business. There is approval. Being ethical leads to self-esteem, the admiration of loved ones and the respect of peers. There is religion. Good behavior can please or help serve a deity. There is habit. Ethical actions can fit in with upbringing or training. There are obstacles to being ethical, which include The ethics of self-interest When the motivation for ethical behavior is self-interest, decision-making is reduced to risk-reward calculations. If the risks from ethical behavior are high or the risks from unethical behavior are low and the reward is high moral principles succumb to expediency. This is not a small problem 21 P a g e Many people cheat on exams, lie on resumes, and distort or falsify facts at work.The real test of our ethics is whether we are willing to do the right thing even when it is not in our self-interest. The pursuit of happiness It depends on how one defines happiness. Our values, what we repute and desire, determine what we think will make us happy. We are free to pursue material goals and fleshly sensations, but that alone rarely (if ever) leads to enduring happiness. It more often results in a lonely, disconnected, meaningless existence. The morally mature individual finds happiness in grander pursuits than money, status, sex and mood-altering substances.A deeper satisfaction lies in honoring universal ethical values, that is, values that people everywhere believe should inform behavior. That unity between principled belief and honorable behavior is the foundation for real happiness. Ethical Principle in Advertising All advertising should be legal, decent, honest and truthful. Every advertisement should be prepared with a due sense of social responsibility and should conform to the principles of fair competition, as generally accepted in business. No advertisement should be such as to impair public confidence in advertising. Decency Advertisements should not contain statements or optic presentations which offend prevailing standards of decency Honesty Advertisements should be so framed as not to abuse the trust of consumers or exploit their lack of experience or knowledge. Social Responsibility 22 P a g e 1. Advertisements should not condone any form of discrimination, including that based upon race, national origin, religion, sex or age, nor should they in any way undermine human dignity. 2. Advertisements should not (without justifiable reason) play on fear. 3.Advertisements should not appear to condone or incite violence, or to encourage unlawful or reprehensible behavior. 4. Advertisements should not play on superstition. Truthful presentation Advertisements should not contain any statement or visual presentation which directly or by implication, omission, ambiguity or exaggerated claim is likely to direct the consumer, in particular with regard to 1. characteristics such as nature, composition, method and date of manufacture, range of use, efficiency and performance, quantity, commercial or geographical origin or environmental impact2. the value of the product and the total price actually to be paid 3. delivery, exchange, return, repair and maintenance 4. terms of guarantee 5. copyright and industrial belongings rights such as patents, trade marks, designs and models and trade names 6. official recognition or approval, awards of medals, prizes and diplomas 7. the extent of be nefits for compassionate causes. 8. Advertisements should not misuse research results or quotations from technical and scientific publications. Statistics should not be so presented as to exaggerate the validity of advertising claims.Scientific terms should not be used to falsely charge scientific validity to advertising claims. Comparisons 23 P a g e Advertisements containing comparisons should be so designed that the comparison is not likely to mislead, and should comply with the principles of fair competition. Points of comparison should be based on facts that can be substantiated and should not be unfairly selected. Unassembled Merchandise When advertised merchandise requires partial or complete assembly by the purchaser, the advertising should disclose that fact, e. g. , unassembled, partial assembly required. TestimonialsAdvertisements should not contain or refer to any testimonial or endorsement unless it is genuine, verifiable, relevant and based on personal experienc e or knowledge. Testimonials or endorsements that have become obsolete or misleading through passage of time should not be used Portrayal or imitation of personal piazza Advertisements should not demonstrate or refer to any persons, whether in a private or a public capacity, unless foregoing permission has been obtained nor should advertisements without prior permission depict or refer to any persons property in a way likely to convey the impression of a personal endorsement. Exploitation of blessing Advertisements should not make unjustifiable use of the name, initials, logo and/or trademarks of another firm, company or substructure nor should advertisements in any way take undue advantage of another firm, person or inventions goodwill in its name, trade name or other intellectual property, nor should advertisements take advantage of the goodwill earned by other advertising campaigns. Imitation 24 P a g e 1.Advertisements should not imitate the general layout, text, slogan , visual presentation, music and sound effects, etc. , of any other advertisements in a way that is likely to mislead or confuse the consumer. 2. Where advertisers have established typical advertising campaigns in one or more countries, other advertisers should not unduly imitate these campaigns in the other countries where the former may operate, thus preventing them from extending their campaigns within a reasonable period of time to such countries